Types of Companies in Nepal 2026: Companies Act 2063 Guide

Types of companies in Nepal under the Companies Act 2063 (2006) — private limited (1–101 shareholders), public limited (minimum 7, NPR 10M paid-up capital, NEPSE-listable), one-person company, profit-not-distributing (non-profit) under Section 166, foreign company branch and liaison office under Section 154 onwards, and holding–subsidiary structure. Comparison guide for founders, NRN investors and corporate counsel choosing the right legal structure. Updated April 2026.

January 15, 2025

Company Formation Documents in Nepal 2026 — MoA AoA Checklist

A 2026 practitioner's document checklist for company formation in Nepal — the full filing pack the Office of Company Registrar (OCR) and the CAMIS portal will accept, Memorandum and Articles of Association drafting essentials, document set by company type (private, public, single-shareholder, non-profit Section 166, foreign branch and liaison), the FDI route document overlay for foreign-shareholder files, notarisation and witness rules, and the most common rejection grounds.

January 15, 2025

Divorce in Nepal 2026: Process, Cost & Timeline

"Divorce in Nepal under Muluki Civil Code 2074 Sec. 93–115 — mutual consent (2 days) vs contested (12–24 months), grounds, Sec. 96 partition, Sec. 100 alimony, Sec. 115 child custody, NRN POA workflow, realistic court fees and appeals. 2026 practitioner guide."

January 19, 2025

Borrowing and Lending Law in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 + NRB

A 2026 practitioner's guide to borrowing and lending in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 and the Nepal Rastra Bank framework — Section 478 interest provisions, the Section 481 statutory cap that total cumulative interest cannot exceed principal, the Tamasuk loan deed, secured lending through pledge / mortgage / hypothecation, the 10-year limitation for loan recovery, licensed-lender regulation under NRB, cheque-bounce recovery under Penal Code Section 484, and the document trail that holds up at the District Court.

January 20, 2025

Cheque Bounce Case in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"How a cheque bounce case works in Nepal in 2026 — after a 2025 amendment, a dishonoured cheque is pursued as a criminal banking offence under the Banking Offence and Punishment Act 2064, not as the old civil claim. This guide covers the bank dishonour memo, the notice to the drawer, police investigation, the District Court, the amount-graded penalty plus recovery with interest, the documents to file, and the one-year limitation."

January 20, 2025

Tamasuk in Nepal 2026: Promissory Note Format & Enforcement

Tamasuk in Nepal — the traditional handwritten promissory note governed by the Muluki Civil Code 2074 transaction chapter (Sections 474 to 492). Covers format, witness rules, ward-office attestation, interest cap, ten-year limitation period under Section 484, recovery suit before the District Court, and the difference between a tamasuk and a Negotiable Instruments Act 2034 promissory note. Updated April 2026.

January 20, 2025

Succession Law in Nepal 2026: Inheritance, Wills & Partition

A 2026 (2083 BS) practitioner's guide to succession and inheritance in Nepal under the National Civil Code 2074 — the coparcener doctrine and Section 205 daughters' equal-share rights, the order of intestate succession (spouse and children first, then parents, then siblings), the distinction between ancestral and self-acquired property (Section 215 onwards), testate succession through wills (formalities, restrictions on disposing of joint family property), the partition process at the District Court, the cross-border issues for NRN heirs and foreign-citizenship beneficiaries, and the appeal route through the High Court and Supreme Court.

January 20, 2025

Child Custody Laws in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Civil Code 2074

"Child custody laws in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — the Sec. 115 age framework (under 5 with mother, 5–10 with father, 10+ child's choice), maternity and paternity (Sec. 105–106), dispute resolution (Sec. 110), child maintenance (Sec. 116) and visitation (Sec. 117). Covers parental agreements, NRN custody and death-of-a-parent scenarios. 2026 practitioner guide."

February 03, 2025

Unmarried Certificate in Nepal 2026 — Single Status Process

A 2026 (2083 BS) practitioner's guide to the unmarried certificate (single status certificate, अविवाहित प्रमाणपत्र) in Nepal — the ward-office-issued document confirming current unmarried status, the documents required (citizenship original, photographs, family population card, divorce decree if previously married), the same-day issuance with the 30-to-35 day validity window, the three-step attestation chain for international use (notary translation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs authentication, destination-country embassy or consulate legalisation), the use cases (foreign marriage, court-marriage at the District Court, immigration filings, overseas employment), and the practical compliance discipline for cross-border court / ward marriage-registration.

February 04, 2025

Polygamy in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Law, Penalty & Status

"Polygamy in Nepal is illegal — a second marriage during a subsisting marriage is void under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 (Sec. 70, 72) and a criminal offence under Section 175 of the National Penal Code 2074, punishable by one to five years' imprisonment and a fine of NPR 10,000–50,000. This 2026 guide covers the civil and criminal consequences, the removal of old exceptions, and the status of the second spouse and children."

February 09, 2025

Domestic Violence Law in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"How Nepal's Domestic Violence (Offence and Punishment) Act 2066 (2009) and Rules 2067 work in 2026 — the definition of physical, mental, sexual and economic harm in a family relationship, the three places a complaint can be filed (Police, National Women Commission, Local Body / ward), the District Court process and interim protection order, the Section 12 penalty of NPR 3,000-25,000 fine and/or up to 6 months imprisonment, the 90-day limitation, and the 1145 helpline run by the NWC."

February 12, 2025

Homicide Laws in Nepal (2026): Penal Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to homicide laws in Nepal under Chapter 12 of the Muluki Penal Code 2074 — intentional murder (Sec 177), knowledge homicide (Sec 178), grave-provocation killing (Sec 179), reckless homicide (Sec 181), negligent homicide (Sec 182), attempt to murder (Sec 183), abetment of suicide (Sec 185), defences of private defence and insanity, prosecution by the District Government Attorney under the State Cases Act, 35-day appeal limitation and the no-limitation rule for serious homicide.

February 13, 2025

Kidnapping and Hostage Law in Nepal (2026): Penal Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to kidnapping and hostage law in Nepal under the National Penal Code 2074 — definitions of kidnapping, abduction and hostage-taking; ransom and aggravated forms; child-victim aggravators; punishment bands from 7 to 25 years and life; cross-border kidnapping at the Nepal–India open border; investigation through Nepal Police and the District Court prosecution route; bail, 35-day appeal and the compounding rules.

February 14, 2025

Debt Recovery Tribunal Nepal (2026): BFI Loan Recovery

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT) in Nepal — establishing law under the Debt Recovery Act 2058, jurisdiction over banks and financial institutions, filing procedure, defendant defences, decree execution including attachment and sale of secured property, appeal to the Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal, the distinction from regular civil debt recovery at District Court, limitation periods, and the NRB regulatory role.

February 20, 2025

Sentencing Factors in Nepal (2026): Aggravating Mitigating Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to aggravating and mitigating factors in Nepali criminal sentencing under the National Sentencing Act 2074 — what each factor means, how courts weigh them at the sentencing hearing, examples across homicide, sexual offences, theft and fraud, the right of victims to make submissions, and the appellate grounds rooted in factor analysis. Built for defence counsel, prosecutors and victims preparing for a Nepali sentencing hearing.

March 01, 2025

Capacity to Contract in Nepal 2026 — Civil Code 2074

"Capacity to contract in Nepal is governed by Section 506 of the Muluki Civil Code 2074 (National Civil Code 2017) — Part 5 on Contracts. Section 506(1) bars three categories: minors (under 18), persons of unsound mind, and persons disqualified by law (insolvents, persons under court interdiction, certain office-holders barred by special statutes). Minors' contracts are VOID, not voidable, with limited exception under Section 640(1) where the guardian contracts for the minor's benefit. Section 506(3) permits a guardian to contract on behalf of an unsound-mind person for their benefit. The Civil Code 2074 omits 'consideration' as a defined essential, replacing the Contract Act 2056 framework that was repealed."

April 02, 2025

Breach of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to breach of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — what constitutes breach, types (actual, anticipatory, material, partial), the Section 535 damages framework (direct, real, foreseeable; no anticipatory loss), Section 538-540 rescission and specific performance, Section 541 injunction for anticipatory breach, Section 544 two-year limitation, the frustration defence under Section 531, waiver and estoppel, cure where time is not of the essence, and the documentary trail required to prove breach at the District Court.

April 04, 2025

Remedies for Breach of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074

A 2026 practitioner's guide to remedies for breach of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — six remedies covering damages under Section 535, rescission and restitution under Section 538, specific performance under Section 540, injunction under Section 541, liquidated damages under Section 542, and quantum meruit, plus the Section 544 two-year limitation, mitigation of loss, election between remedies, and the District Court procedure from plaint through decree to execution.

April 04, 2025

PAN Card Registration in Nepal 2026: Steps, Documents & Fees

A 2026 practitioner's guide to PAN card registration in Nepal — the 9-digit Permanent Account Number, the personal PAN, business PAN, and D-PAN withholding-agent categories, the legal trigger under Section 78 of the Income Tax Act 2058, eligibility, required documents for individual and business applicants, the online registration process through taxpayerportal.ird.gov.np, the biometric and final-issuance step at the local Inland Revenue Office, the zero-fee policy, the 1-3 working day timeline, the transactions that require a PAN (bank account, employment, real-estate registration, vehicle registration, contracts above NPR 1 lakh), the integration with the Nagarik App, the penalty exposure for non-registration, and the assessment risk of operating without a PAN.

April 04, 2025

Evidence Law in Nepal (2026): Evidence Act 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to evidence law in Nepal under the Evidence Act 2074 (in force 17 August 2018) — types of evidence (oral, documentary, real, electronic), direct vs circumstantial, primary vs secondary, the hearsay rule and its exceptions, burden and standard of proof in civil and criminal cases, rebuttable and irrebuttable presumptions, expert evidence, electronic evidence under the Electronic Transactions Act 2063, and witness competence and compellability at the District Court.

April 10, 2025

Locus Standi in Nepal (2026): Standing to Sue + PIL Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to locus standi in Nepal — the strict standing rule for civil suits, the public interest litigation expansion under Article 133 of the Constitution of Nepal 2072, landmark Supreme Court jurisprudence on standing, statutory standing under specific statutes, standing in habeas corpus and fundamental-rights petitions, and the bona fide test that filters frivolous or vested-interest standing claims.

April 10, 2025

Labour Law in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"How labour law works in Nepal in 2026 — the Labour Act 2074 (2017) and Labour Rules 2075 administered by the Ministry of Labour, Employment & Social Security and the Department of Labour & Occupational Safety. This guide covers worker categories, the written-contract requirement, working hours and overtime, leave (maternity, paternity, sick, festival), termination and severance, the Labour Court, and the Social Security Fund 31% contribution split."

April 17, 2025

Tort Law in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 Sections 672-684

A 2026 practitioner's guide to tort law in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074, Chapter 17 (Sections 672 to 684) — categories of tort (intentional torts, negligence, strict liability, vicarious liability), the four elements of negligence read into Nepali jurisprudence, the overlap between tort and crime, available remedies (damages, injunction, declaratory relief), the limitation period for tort claims, common defences and District Court procedure for filing a tort suit.

April 23, 2025

Minimum Wages in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"The current minimum wage in Nepal — effective 1 Shrawan 2082 (17 July 2025), the statutory monthly minimum wage rose to NPR 19,550 (basic NPR 12,170 + dearness NPR 7,380), with the daily minimum at NPR 754 and the hourly at NPR 101 for regular workers. This guide covers the legal basis under Sections 106-107 of the Labour Act 2074, the tripartite Minimum Wage Fixation Committee, sectoral variations (tea estate), and the penalty for paying below the floor."

April 27, 2025

Unlawful Detention in Nepal 2026 — Habeas Corpus Guide

"Unlawful detention in Nepal is governed by Articles 17 (right to freedom), 20 (right relating to justice — produce within 24 hours), 21 (rights of crime victim) and 22 (right against torture) of the Constitution of Nepal 2015, the Muluki Aparadh Sanhita (Penal Code) 2074 Sections 200-205 (unlawful detention offences — up to 4 years for secret confinement; up to 3 years for simple unlawful detention plus victim compensation), and the Muluki Criminal Procedure Code 2074 custody-limit framework (24-hour production rule, 25-day investigation custody cap for serious offences). Habeas corpus is available under Article 133 (Supreme Court) and Article 144 (High Court) — filing is FREE and matters move on 24-72 hour expedited schedule."

May 04, 2025

Public, Private & Non-Profit Companies in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"The three company types under the Companies Act 2063 in Nepal — Private Limited (max 101 shareholders, Sec. 9(1)), Public Limited (min 7 shareholders Sec. 9(2), minimum paid-up capital NPR 10 million Sec. 11(1)), and the Profit-Not-Distributing / non-profit company (Sec. 166). This 2026 guide compares shareholders, capital, share issue, profit distribution and which structure fits your goal."

May 04, 2025

E-Passport in Nepal 2026: How to Apply, Fees & NRN Route

A 2026 (2083 BS) practitioner's guide to the Nepal e-passport — the polycarbonate biometric-chip travel document issued by the Department of Passports under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the statutory framework under the Passport Act 2024, eligibility for Nepali citizens with valid citizenship, the online pre-enrolment at nepalpassport.gov.np, biometric capture at DAO or designated centre, the two-tier fee schedule (NPR 5,000 regular / NPR 12,000 fast-track for 34-page; NPR 10,000 regular / NPR 20,000 fast-track for 66-page; NPR 9,500 child; NPR 17,000 lost/damaged replacement), 10-year validity for adults and 5-year for children, the processing timeline (regular vs fast-track), the NRN embassy route abroad with USD 150-to-200 fee and 6-to-8 week timeline, and the lost/damaged/renewal procedures.

May 04, 2025

NRN Property Rights in Nepal: Can NRN Buy Property? Complete Guide (2026)

Complete guide to NRN property rights in Nepal — what NRNs can buy, the 5 location-tiered land-area limits under Section 11 of NRN Rules 2066 (2 ropani Kathmandu Valley, 4 ropani other municipalities, 8 kattha Terai municipalities, 1 bigha Terai rural, 10 ropani other rural), inheritance rules, and the registration process under the Non-Resident Nepali Act 2064. Updated April 2026.

May 19, 2025

Register a Marriage Online in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Reality

"Can you register a marriage online in Nepal? In 2026, not fully — the DoNIDCR system lets you start an online application, download forms and check status, but final submission, identity and witness verification, and the marriage certificate are issued in person at the Local Registrar (ward office). This guide explains what is actually online, where to register, the deadline, and the foreign-national and NRN positions."

May 19, 2025

Family Law in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Civil Code 2074 Pillar Guide

"Family law in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — marriage (Sec. 67–91), divorce (Sec. 93–104), child custody (Sec. 115), partition (Sec. 205–236), succession, adoption and guardianship. 2026 practitioner pillar guide with the gender-equality reforms, court forum map, and deep-dive routes to every sub-topic."

May 21, 2025

Suicide Law in Nepal (2026): Decriminalised Attempt + Abetment Offence

A 2026 practitioner's guide to suicide law in Nepal under the Muluki Penal Code 2074 — historic decriminalisation of attempted suicide, the abetment offence under Sections 184–185, punishment and fine, the six-month limitation in Section 187, investigation pathway (FIR, suicide note, digital trail), the overlap with the Electronic Transactions Act and Cyber Crime Bureau for online-harassment-driven suicide, and the Mental Health Act 2074 framework that now governs post-attempt care.

May 27, 2025

Gambling and Betting Law in Nepal 2026 — Full Guide

"Gambling and betting in Nepal are criminalised under Sections 121-125 of the Muluki Aparadh Sanhita (Penal Code) 2074 (2017) — which replaced the repealed Some Public (Crime and Punishment) Act 2027. First-offence penalty: up to 3 months' imprisonment or NPR 30,000 fine; second offence up to 1 year + NPR 50,000. Section 125 sub-section (6) covers betting separately with up to 1 year + NPR 10,000 + forfeiture of staked amount. Casinos operate under the Casino Regulation 2070 (2013) administered by MoCTCA — Nepali citizens are banned from entering or playing; only foreign passport holders aged 18+ are permitted. Online sports betting is illegal."

June 12, 2025

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