Hierarchy of Courts in Nepal (2026): Court Structure

A 2026 pillar guide to the hierarchy of courts in Nepal under the Constitution 2072 and the Administration of Justice Act 2073 — the three-tier court structure of one Supreme Court, seven High Courts and seventy-seven District Courts, the specialised tribunals under Article 152, judicial committees at the local level, original and appellate jurisdiction, the writ powers of the Supreme Court under Article 133 and the High Courts under Article 144, judge appointment through the Judicial Council, and the practical appeal chain a litigant follows from filing in a District Court to a Constitutional Bench hearing at the Supreme Court.

January 19, 2025

Cheque Bounce Case in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"How a cheque bounce case works in Nepal in 2026 — after a 2025 amendment, a dishonoured cheque is pursued as a criminal banking offence under the Banking Offence and Punishment Act 2064, not as the old civil claim. This guide covers the bank dishonour memo, the notice to the drawer, police investigation, the District Court, the amount-graded penalty plus recovery with interest, the documents to file, and the one-year limitation."

January 20, 2025

Tamasuk in Nepal 2026: Promissory Note Format & Enforcement

Tamasuk in Nepal — the traditional handwritten promissory note governed by the Muluki Civil Code 2074 transaction chapter (Sections 474 to 492). Covers format, witness rules, ward-office attestation, interest cap, ten-year limitation period under Section 484, recovery suit before the District Court, and the difference between a tamasuk and a Negotiable Instruments Act 2034 promissory note. Updated April 2026.

January 20, 2025

Medical Negligence in Nepal (2026): NMC + Civil Code + CPA Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to medical negligence in Nepal under the tri-statute framework — the Nepal Medical Council Act 2020, the Muluki Civil Code 2074 negligence provisions (Sections 672 to 684), and the Consumer Protection Act 2075 — covering the four elements of negligence, the Bolam standard for professional care, the multi-track remedy options (NMC complaint, Consumer Court, District Court civil suit, criminal complaint), compensation ranges, documentation requirements and hospital vicarious liability.

January 25, 2025

Filing a Case from Abroad in Nepal 2026 — NRN Guide

"An NRN or person abroad can file a case in Nepal through a Nepali lawyer appointed under an Adhikrit Waresnama (POA) authenticated at the Nepali Embassy or Consulate-General under Section 153 of the Muluki Dewani Karyabidhi Sanhita 2074. Embassy-authenticated POA is directly usable in Nepal without MoFA Tripureshwor re-attestation. Foreign-notary-only POAs require the 4-stage chain — foreign notary → competent authority → Nepali Embassy → MoFA Tripureshwor. Most common NRN cases: divorce (mutual consent 3–6 months), property partition, inheritance, ancestral land disputes. Nepal does NOT recognise foreign judgments without bilateral treaty or reciprocity under the Mutual Legal Assistance Act."

February 03, 2025

Law of Hurt in Nepal (2026): Simple vs Grievous Hurt Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the law of hurt in Nepal under Sections 191 to 197 of the Muluki Penal Code 2074 — the definition of hurt and grievous hurt, mens rea tiers, the role of the weapon and the nature of the injury, fracture, disfigurement and permanent disability, punishment ranges, the Medico-Legal report and chain-of-custody, compounding and non-compounding of certain hurt offences, victim compensation, the domestic-violence overlap, self-defence and consent in sport and medical contexts.

February 11, 2025

Breach of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to breach of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — what constitutes breach, types (actual, anticipatory, material, partial), the Section 535 damages framework (direct, real, foreseeable; no anticipatory loss), Section 538-540 rescission and specific performance, Section 541 injunction for anticipatory breach, Section 544 two-year limitation, the frustration defence under Section 531, waiver and estoppel, cure where time is not of the essence, and the documentary trail required to prove breach at the District Court.

April 04, 2025

Remedies for Breach of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074

A 2026 practitioner's guide to remedies for breach of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — six remedies covering damages under Section 535, rescission and restitution under Section 538, specific performance under Section 540, injunction under Section 541, liquidated damages under Section 542, and quantum meruit, plus the Section 544 two-year limitation, mitigation of loss, election between remedies, and the District Court procedure from plaint through decree to execution.

April 04, 2025

Locus Standi in Nepal (2026): Standing to Sue + PIL Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to locus standi in Nepal — the strict standing rule for civil suits, the public interest litigation expansion under Article 133 of the Constitution of Nepal 2072, landmark Supreme Court jurisprudence on standing, statutory standing under specific statutes, standing in habeas corpus and fundamental-rights petitions, and the bona fide test that filters frivolous or vested-interest standing claims.

April 10, 2025

Legal Procedure in Nepal (2026): Civil + Criminal Procedure Pillar Guide

A 2026 pillar guide to legal procedure in Nepal — the Civil Procedure Code 2074 (plaint, summons, written statement, mediation, evidence, judgment, decree, execution and appeal), the Criminal Procedure Code 2074 (FIR, investigation, arrest, bail, charge sheet, trial, judgment and appeal), the three-tier court hierarchy of District Court, High Court and Supreme Court, the constitutional underpinnings of Articles 20, 21 and 22, the Evidence Act 2074, court fees under the ad valorem schedule, limitation periods, electronic filing and writ jurisdiction under Articles 133 and 144.

April 13, 2025

Tort Law in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 Sections 672-684

A 2026 practitioner's guide to tort law in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074, Chapter 17 (Sections 672 to 684) — categories of tort (intentional torts, negligence, strict liability, vicarious liability), the four elements of negligence read into Nepali jurisprudence, the overlap between tort and crime, available remedies (damages, injunction, declaratory relief), the limitation period for tort claims, common defences and District Court procedure for filing a tort suit.

April 23, 2025

Stare Decisis in Nepal (2026): Binding Precedent under Article 128(2)

A 2026 practitioner's guide to stare decisis in Nepal — the constitutional basis under Article 128(2) of the Constitution of Nepal 2072, hierarchy of binding force across the Supreme Court, High Courts and District Courts, ratio decidendi vs obiter dicta, Nepal Kanoon Patrika citation conventions, per incuriam, Full Bench and Constitutional Bench overruling, distinguishing precedent, and the persuasive role of foreign judgments in civil, criminal, constitutional and administrative practice.

April 24, 2025

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