Theories of Punishment in Nepal (2026): Justice System Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the four classical theories of punishment — retributive, deterrent, reformative and preventive — and how each has shaped Nepal's criminal-justice policy under the National Penal Code 2074, the National Sentencing Act 2074 and the Constitution of Nepal 2072. Covers restorative justice through mediation, the constitutional abolition of capital punishment, and how judges weigh competing theories in real sentencing decisions.

March 31, 2025

Punishment System in Nepal (2026): Sentencing Act 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the punishment system in Nepal under the National Penal Code 2074 and National Sentencing Act 2074 — types of punishment, imprisonment categories (simple, rigorous, life), fines, confiscation, community service, suspended sentences, probation, the constitutional abolition of capital punishment under Article 16, the Prison Act 2019 framework on classification and rehabilitation, and parole / remission of sentence.

March 31, 2025

Currency Law in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"What currency law in Nepal covers in 2026 — the Nepal Rastra Bank Act 2058 making NRB the sole issuer of notes and coins, the Foreign Exchange (Regulation) Act 2019 governing foreign-currency controls and the surrender duty, the NPR-INR fixed peg, the travel foreign-exchange facility, the 2025 change on carrying Indian notes, and the currency-counterfeiting offences under the National Penal Code 2074."

March 31, 2025

Elements of a Valid Contract in Nepal 2026: Civil Code 2074

A valid contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 needs seven elements — offer and acceptance under Section 504, lawful consideration, capacity of parties under Section 506, free consent under Section 505, lawful object, certainty, and possibility of performance. This guide unpacks each element with the governing section, the void / voidable consequence when the element fails, and how Nepali courts evaluate enforceability. Updated April 2026.

March 31, 2025

Writ Procedure in Nepal (2026): 5 Constitutional Writs

A 2026 practitioner's guide to writ procedure in Nepal — the five constitutional writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto under the extraordinary jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (Article 133) and the High Courts (Article 144), locus standi rules for fundamental-rights and public-interest petitions, filing mechanics, supporting affidavits and the court fee, interim orders and stay relief, the standard of review and the fast-track listing of habeas corpus cases.

March 31, 2025

Performance of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to performance of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — time, place and manner of performance, reciprocal duties, attempted vs actual performance, substituted performance through third parties, impossibility under Section 531, frustration doctrine, joint and several performance, discharge by performance, and the practical document trail that proves performance at the District Court.

April 02, 2025

Marriage Crimes in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Penal Code Ch. 11

"Marriage crimes in Nepal under Chapter 11 of the National Penal Code 2074 (Sec. 171–176) — marriage without consent (Sec. 171), marriage in a prohibited relationship (Sec. 172), child marriage (Sec. 173), demanding or harassing for dowry (Sec. 174), and bigamy/polygamy (Sec. 175), with the 3-month limitation under Sec. 176. Penalties, void-marriage effect, and how to file a complaint. 2026 guide."

April 27, 2025

Unlawful Detention in Nepal 2026 — Habeas Corpus Guide

"Unlawful detention in Nepal is governed by Articles 17 (right to freedom), 20 (right relating to justice — produce within 24 hours), 21 (rights of crime victim) and 22 (right against torture) of the Constitution of Nepal 2015, the Muluki Aparadh Sanhita (Penal Code) 2074 Sections 200-205 (unlawful detention offences — up to 4 years for secret confinement; up to 3 years for simple unlawful detention plus victim compensation), and the Muluki Criminal Procedure Code 2074 custody-limit framework (24-hour production rule, 25-day investigation custody cap for serious offences). Habeas corpus is available under Article 133 (Supreme Court) and Article 144 (High Court) — filing is FREE and matters move on 24-72 hour expedited schedule."

May 04, 2025

NRN Citizenship in Nepal: Eligibility, Process & ID Card Guide (2026)

Complete guide to NRN citizenship in Nepal — categories, eligibility, application at DAO or Nepali embassy, the NRN ID card, and rights under the Non-Resident Nepali Act 2064. Updated April 2026.

May 12, 2025

Mediation and ADR in Nepal 2026 — Full Overview

"Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in Nepal covers three statutory methods — mediation under the Mediation Act 2068 (2011), arbitration under the Arbitration Act 2055 (1999, fast-track amended March 2025 with Section 13A), and negotiation. Court-annexed mediation under Muluki Civil Procedure Code 2074 Sections 193-195 settles 60-75% of property and family matters. Community mediation through Local Government Judicial Committees (Local Government Operation Act 2074, 3-month completion, 90-day DC appeal) reports 80-90% settlement rates. Labour mediation under Labour Act 2074 Sec 118 runs a 30-day window. ADR is faster, cheaper, and confidential vs litigation."

July 21, 2025

Property Rights of Daughters in Nepal 2026 — Equal Inheritance

A 2026 (2083 BS) practitioner's guide to property rights of daughters in Nepal — Constitution 2072 Articles 18 and 38 (equality and women's lineage rights), National Civil Code 2074 Sections 205 (daughter as coparcener), 215 (equal entitlement regardless of marital status), 217 (right to demand partition during the parents' lifetime), 218 (maintenance duty), 239 (equal distribution), and 241 (adopted daughters), the Meera Kumari Dhungana 1995 Supreme Court ruling that triggered the Eleventh Amendment of the Muluki Ain (2063 BS / 2007), the practical operation for married daughters, divorced daughters, NRN daughters, and adopted daughters, the District Court partition procedure, documents required (citizenship, Nata Kayam, lalpurja), the Section 226 concealment penalty for hiding family property, the 35-day appeal route to the High Court, and the implementation gap that persists at the local level in 2026 despite a settled legal framework.

July 21, 2025

Lease Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 Sec 610-621

A 2026 practitioner's guide to lease contracts in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 Chapter 18 (Sections 610-621) — lessor and lessee obligations, registration at the Land Revenue Office for leases beyond one year, sublease only with lessor's consent, termination on expiry / breach / mutual release, renewal mechanics, stamp duty, the 2-year limitation for lease disputes, and the distinction between commercial leases under Chapter 18 and house-rent under Civil Code Chapter 9 read with the House Rent Act.

July 21, 2025

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