Types of Companies in Nepal 2026: Companies Act 2063 Guide

Types of companies in Nepal under the Companies Act 2063 (2006) — private limited (1–101 shareholders), public limited (minimum 7, NPR 10M paid-up capital, NEPSE-listable), one-person company, profit-not-distributing (non-profit) under Section 166, foreign company branch and liaison office under Section 154 onwards, and holding–subsidiary structure. Comparison guide for founders, NRN investors and corporate counsel choosing the right legal structure. Updated April 2026.

January 15, 2025

Power of Attorney in Nepal 2026 — Adhikrit Waresnama

"Power of Attorney in Nepal — Adhikrit Waresnama — is governed by Sections 144-155 of the Muluki Dewani Karyabidhi Sanhita 2074 (National Civil Procedure Code 2074), NOT the Civil Code. Nepali practice recognises two categories: Sadharan Waresnama (simple POA, notary suffices) and Adhikrit Waresnama (authorised POA for land sale, court representation, consent settlement). Section 153 requires the principal to personally appear before a District Court judge in Nepal — or before the Nepali Ambassador / Consul-General abroad — with thumbprint, signature, photograph and two witnesses. Court authentication fee: Rs 500 for family members; Rs 5,000 for non-family attorneys. Section 154 limits the agent's powers — land sale and consent-settlement of suits require express authority."

January 20, 2025

Borrowing and Lending Law in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 + NRB

A 2026 practitioner's guide to borrowing and lending in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 and the Nepal Rastra Bank framework — Section 478 interest provisions, the Section 481 statutory cap that total cumulative interest cannot exceed principal, the Tamasuk loan deed, secured lending through pledge / mortgage / hypothecation, the 10-year limitation for loan recovery, licensed-lender regulation under NRB, cheque-bounce recovery under Penal Code Section 484, and the document trail that holds up at the District Court.

January 21, 2025

Tamasuk in Nepal 2026: Promissory Note Format & Enforcement

Tamasuk in Nepal — the traditional handwritten promissory note governed by the Muluki Civil Code 2074 transaction chapter (Sections 474 to 492). Covers format, witness rules, ward-office attestation, interest cap, ten-year limitation period under Section 484, recovery suit before the District Court, and the difference between a tamasuk and a Negotiable Instruments Act 2034 promissory note. Updated April 2026.

January 21, 2025

Adoption in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Civil Code 2074 Process & Rules

"Adoption in Nepal under Chapter 8 of the Muluki Civil Code 2074 (Sec. 169–187) — who can adopt (Sec. 172), the under-14 adoptee rule (Sec. 173), the 25-year age gap (Sec. 174), consent (Sec. 175), full filiation and inheritance (Sec. 178), severance from the birth family (Sec. 180), cancellation (Sec. 184–185), and why inter-country adoption is suspended. 2026 practitioner guide."

February 03, 2025

Child Custody Laws in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Civil Code 2074

"Child custody laws in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — the Sec. 115 age framework (under 5 with mother, 5–10 with father, 10+ child's choice), maternity and paternity (Sec. 105–106), dispute resolution (Sec. 110), child maintenance (Sec. 116) and visitation (Sec. 117). Covers parental agreements, NRN custody and death-of-a-parent scenarios. 2026 practitioner guide."

February 03, 2025

Filing a Case from Abroad in Nepal 2026 — NRN Guide

"An NRN or person abroad can file a case in Nepal through a Nepali lawyer appointed under an Adhikrit Waresnama (POA) authenticated at the Nepali Embassy or Consulate-General under Section 153 of the Muluki Dewani Karyabidhi Sanhita 2074. Embassy-authenticated POA is directly usable in Nepal without MoFA Tripureshwor re-attestation. Foreign-notary-only POAs require the 4-stage chain — foreign notary → competent authority → Nepali Embassy → MoFA Tripureshwor. Most common NRN cases: divorce (mutual consent 3–6 months), property partition, inheritance, ancestral land disputes. Nepal does NOT recognise foreign judgments without bilateral treaty or reciprocity under the Mutual Legal Assistance Act."

February 03, 2025

Unmarried Certificate in Nepal 2026 — Single Status Process

A 2026 (2083 BS) practitioner's guide to the unmarried certificate (single status certificate, अविवाहित प्रमाणपत्र) in Nepal — the ward-office-issued document confirming current unmarried status, the documents required (citizenship original, photographs, family population card, divorce decree if previously married), the same-day issuance with the 30-to-35 day validity window, the three-step attestation chain for international use (notary translation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs authentication, destination-country embassy or consulate legalisation), the use cases (foreign marriage, court-marriage at the District Court, immigration filings, overseas employment), and the practical compliance discipline for cross-border court / ward marriage-registration.

February 04, 2025

Abortion Law in Nepal (2026): Safe Motherhood Act 2075 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to abortion law in Nepal under the Safe Motherhood and Reproductive Health Rights Act 2075 read with the National Penal Code 2074 — Section 15 conditions, the 12-week on-request window, the 28-week exceptions for rape, incest, foetal anomaly and maternal health, the consent rules, the sex-selective abortion prohibition, the licensed-provider framework, the Section 188 punishment for unlawful abortion, the Section 190 six-month limitation, and the constitutional grounding under Article 38(2).

February 09, 2025

Robbery and Theft Laws in Nepal (2026): Penal Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to robbery, theft and dacoity laws in Nepal under the National Penal Code 2074 — the offence ladder from theft (Sec. 241) and aggravated theft (Sec. 242) through burglary (Sec. 243) to robbery (Sec. 244) and dacoity; punishment bands from three years up to fourteen years and beyond; aggravators for night-time, dwelling, by servant, and against vulnerable victims; receiving stolen property; restitution to victim; compoundability rules; and the District Court investigation route with 35-day appeal.

February 12, 2025

Domestic Violence Law in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"How Nepal's Domestic Violence (Offence and Punishment) Act 2066 (2009) and Rules 2067 work in 2026 — the definition of physical, mental, sexual and economic harm in a family relationship, the three places a complaint can be filed (Police, National Women Commission, Local Body / ward), the District Court process and interim protection order, the Section 12 penalty of NPR 3,000-25,000 fine and/or up to 6 months imprisonment, the 90-day limitation, and the 1145 helpline run by the NWC."

February 12, 2025

Rape Laws in Nepal (2026): Penal Code 2074 Section 219 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to rape laws in Nepal under the National Penal Code 2074 — Section 219 definition and consent test, statutory rape (under 18), the age-graduated punishment ladder, aggravated rape, marital rape under Section 219 sub-section (4), the Section 229 one-year limitation problem, FIR process at the District Police, medical examination, in-camera trial, victim identity protection, and the Crime Victim Protection Act 2075 framework.

February 13, 2025

Sentencing Factors in Nepal (2026): Aggravating Mitigating Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to aggravating and mitigating factors in Nepali criminal sentencing under the National Sentencing Act 2074 — what each factor means, how courts weigh them at the sentencing hearing, examples across homicide, sexual offences, theft and fraud, the right of victims to make submissions, and the appellate grounds rooted in factor analysis. Built for defence counsel, prosecutors and victims preparing for a Nepali sentencing hearing.

March 02, 2025

Principle of Natural Justice in Nepal (2026): Audi + Nemo Judex

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the principle of natural justice in Nepal — the two pillars (audi alteram partem and nemo judex in causa sua), Article 21 fair-trial guarantee under the Constitution of Nepal 2072, application in civil, criminal, administrative and quasi-judicial proceedings, types of bias, right to reasoned decision, right to representation, statutory exceptions, and writ remedies (certiorari and mandamus) against breach.

April 02, 2025

Procedural Rights of Defendants in Nepal (2026): Constitutional Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the procedural rights of defendants in Nepal under the Constitution of Nepal 2072 — Article 20 (no self-incrimination, right to counsel), Article 21 (fair trial, prompt hearing, presumption of innocence), Article 22 (no torture, no double jeopardy), Article 23 (no ex-post-facto laws, no excessive punishment) — read with the National Criminal Procedure Code 2074, Legal Aid Act framework, bail presumption, habeas corpus and the constitutional writ remedies under Articles 133 and 144.

April 02, 2025

Performance of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to performance of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — time, place and manner of performance, reciprocal duties, attempted vs actual performance, substituted performance through third parties, impossibility under Section 531, frustration doctrine, joint and several performance, discharge by performance, and the practical document trail that proves performance at the District Court.

April 02, 2025

Breach of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to breach of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — what constitutes breach, types (actual, anticipatory, material, partial), the Section 535 damages framework (direct, real, foreseeable; no anticipatory loss), Section 538-540 rescission and specific performance, Section 541 injunction for anticipatory breach, Section 544 two-year limitation, the frustration defence under Section 531, waiver and estoppel, cure where time is not of the essence, and the documentary trail required to prove breach at the District Court.

April 04, 2025

Remedies for Breach of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074

A 2026 practitioner's guide to remedies for breach of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — six remedies covering damages under Section 535, rescission and restitution under Section 538, specific performance under Section 540, injunction under Section 541, liquidated damages under Section 542, and quantum meruit, plus the Section 544 two-year limitation, mitigation of loss, election between remedies, and the District Court procedure from plaint through decree to execution.

April 04, 2025

Acid Attack Law in Nepal (2026): Punishment and Victim Rights Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the acid attack law in Nepal under Section 192(ka) of the Muluki Penal Code 2074 and the Acid and Other Hazardous Chemicals (Regulation) Act 2076 — punishment for face and body disfigurement, the fine-as-compensation rule, regulation of acid sale, victim protection and rehabilitation framework, FIR and investigation, medical-evidence chain, civil compensation in addition to criminal punishment, and the gender dimensions of acid-violence prosecution in Nepal.

May 28, 2025

Suicide Law in Nepal (2026): Decriminalised Attempt + Abetment Offence

A 2026 practitioner's guide to suicide law in Nepal under the Muluki Penal Code 2074 — historic decriminalisation of attempted suicide, the abetment offence under Sections 184–185, punishment and fine, the six-month limitation in Section 187, investigation pathway (FIR, suicide note, digital trail), the overlap with the Electronic Transactions Act and Cyber Crime Bureau for online-harassment-driven suicide, and the Mental Health Act 2074 framework that now governs post-attempt care.

May 28, 2025

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