Data Privacy Law

Electronic Transaction Act 2063 Nepal 2026: ETA Guide

A 2026 practitioner's law-text companion to the Electronic Transactions Act 2063 (2008) in Nepal — the 12-chapter / 80-section structure, the Chapter 9 cyber offences (Sec 44 source-code piracy, Sec 45 unauthorised access/hacking, Sec 46 damage to computer/data, Sec 47 publication of illegal electronic content, Sec 48 confidentiality, Sec 49 software piracy, Sec 51 computer fraud, Sec 52 abetment), the digital-signature regime under Chapters 2-4, the Office of the Controller of Certification (OCC) under the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, the Information Technology Tribunal and IT Appellate Tribunal forum structure, the 2022 Supreme Court directive on Section 47 free-speech misuse, the parallel Privacy Act 2075 and Criminal Code 2074 defamation Sections 305-307, the pending Information Technology and Cybersecurity Bill 2080 (2024) intended to replace ETA, and the practical compliance discipline for business and consumer use.