Nepal Muluki Civil Code 2074: Plain-English Guide (2026)
Complete guide to the Muluki Civil Code 2074 and Muluki Criminal Code 2074 in Nepal — chapters, key provisions on family, contract, property, inheritance, and crimes. Updated April 2026.
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Juvenile Case Proceedings in Nepal 2026 — Children Act
"Juvenile justice in Nepal is governed by the Act Relating to Children 2075 (2018), the Juvenile Justice Execution Procedure Rules 2076 (2019), Constitution Article 39 and Section 45 of the Penal Code 2074 on criminal capacity. Under 10 — no criminal liability. 10-14 — limited capacity; maximum sanction is placement at a Bal Sudhar Griha. 14-16 — half of the adult sentence. 16-18 — two-thirds of the adult sentence. Every District Court runs a Juvenile Bench (judge + social worker + child psychologist) under Sec 30. Cabinet decided February 2025 to constitute dedicated Juvenile Courts. Hearings are closed; identity confidentiality protected. 120-day disposal target."
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Procedural Rights of Defendants in Nepal (2026): Constitutional Guide
A 2026 practitioner's guide to the procedural rights of defendants in Nepal under the Constitution of Nepal 2072 — Article 20 (no self-incrimination, right to counsel), Article 21 (fair trial, prompt hearing, presumption of innocence), Article 22 (no torture, no double jeopardy), Article 23 (no ex-post-facto laws, no excessive punishment) — read with the National Criminal Procedure Code 2074, Legal Aid Act framework, bail presumption, habeas corpus and the constitutional writ remedies under Articles 133 and 144.
General Principles of Criminal Liability in Nepal (2026)
General principles of criminal liability in Nepal under the National Penal Code 2074 — actus reus and mens rea requirement, Sec. 9 double-jeopardy bar, Sec. 29 strict-liability exceptions, prohibition on retrospective punishment, ignorance-of-law-is-no-excuse rule, good-faith exceptions, cessation of liability on death of accused, age-based criminal responsibility, defences (mistake, necessity, self-defence, insanity, intoxication). Updated April 2026.
Legal Procedure in Nepal (2026): Civil + Criminal Procedure Pillar Guide
A 2026 pillar guide to legal procedure in Nepal — the Civil Procedure Code 2074 (plaint, summons, written statement, mediation, evidence, judgment, decree, execution and appeal), the Criminal Procedure Code 2074 (FIR, investigation, arrest, bail, charge sheet, trial, judgment and appeal), the three-tier court hierarchy of District Court, High Court and Supreme Court, the constitutional underpinnings of Articles 20, 21 and 22, the Evidence Act 2074, court fees under the ad valorem schedule, limitation periods, electronic filing and writ jurisdiction under Articles 133 and 144.
Surrogacy Laws in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Legal Status
"Surrogacy laws in Nepal — commercial surrogacy is banned and the field is unregulated. This 2026 guide explains the 2014 opening, the 2015 earthquake trigger, the Supreme Court's 25 August 2015 stay and 18 September 2015 Cabinet ban, the 12 December 2016 directive limiting surrogacy to infertile Nepali married couples, why foreigners and others are barred, and the lawful alternatives."