Consumer Protection Law in Nepal 2026: Rights & Remedies

"The Consumer Protection Act 2075 (2018) replaced the 1998 Act. It codifies nine consumer rights, sets penalties from NPR 30,000 + 2 years (false advertising under Sec 9a) to NPR 500,000 + 14 years (life-threatening harm under Sec 10e), establishes a specialised Consumer Court (Kathmandu, operating since Falgun 2078), and lets consumers seek compensation under Section 22. Complaints are filed free at the Department of Commerce, Supplies and Consumer Protection (DoCSCP) Babarmahal, Local-Level Dispute Resolution Committee or directly at the Consumer Court."

January 28, 2025

Unmarried Certificate in Nepal 2026 — Single Status Process

A 2026 (2083 BS) practitioner's guide to the unmarried certificate (single status certificate, अविवाहित प्रमाणपत्र) in Nepal — the ward-office-issued document confirming current unmarried status, the documents required (citizenship original, photographs, family population card, divorce decree if previously married), the same-day issuance with the 30-to-35 day validity window, the three-step attestation chain for international use (notary translation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs authentication, destination-country embassy or consulate legalisation), the use cases (foreign marriage, court-marriage at the District Court, immigration filings, overseas employment), and the practical compliance discipline for cross-border court / ward marriage-registration.

February 04, 2025

Polygamy in Nepal 2082/83 (2026) — Law, Penalty & Status

"Polygamy in Nepal is illegal — a second marriage during a subsisting marriage is void under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 (Sec. 70, 72) and a criminal offence under Section 175 of the National Penal Code 2074, punishable by one to five years' imprisonment and a fine of NPR 10,000–50,000. This 2026 guide covers the civil and criminal consequences, the removal of old exceptions, and the status of the second spouse and children."

February 09, 2025

Domestic Violence Law in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"How Nepal's Domestic Violence (Offence and Punishment) Act 2066 (2009) and Rules 2067 work in 2026 — the definition of physical, mental, sexual and economic harm in a family relationship, the three places a complaint can be filed (Police, National Women Commission, Local Body / ward), the District Court process and interim protection order, the Section 12 penalty of NPR 3,000-25,000 fine and/or up to 6 months imprisonment, the 90-day limitation, and the 1145 helpline run by the NWC."

February 12, 2025

Homicide Laws in Nepal (2026): Penal Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to homicide laws in Nepal under Chapter 12 of the Muluki Penal Code 2074 — intentional murder (Sec 177), knowledge homicide (Sec 178), grave-provocation killing (Sec 179), reckless homicide (Sec 181), negligent homicide (Sec 182), attempt to murder (Sec 183), abetment of suicide (Sec 185), defences of private defence and insanity, prosecution by the District Government Attorney under the State Cases Act, 35-day appeal limitation and the no-limitation rule for serious homicide.

February 13, 2025

Kidnapping and Hostage Law in Nepal (2026): Penal Code 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to kidnapping and hostage law in Nepal under the National Penal Code 2074 — definitions of kidnapping, abduction and hostage-taking; ransom and aggravated forms; child-victim aggravators; punishment bands from 7 to 25 years and life; cross-border kidnapping at the Nepal–India open border; investigation through Nepal Police and the District Court prosecution route; bail, 35-day appeal and the compounding rules.

February 14, 2025

Principle of Natural Justice in Nepal (2026): Audi + Nemo Judex

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the principle of natural justice in Nepal — the two pillars (audi alteram partem and nemo judex in causa sua), Article 21 fair-trial guarantee under the Constitution of Nepal 2072, application in civil, criminal, administrative and quasi-judicial proceedings, types of bias, right to reasoned decision, right to representation, statutory exceptions, and writ remedies (certiorari and mandamus) against breach.

April 02, 2025

Procedural Rights of Defendants in Nepal (2026): Constitutional Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the procedural rights of defendants in Nepal under the Constitution of Nepal 2072 — Article 20 (no self-incrimination, right to counsel), Article 21 (fair trial, prompt hearing, presumption of innocence), Article 22 (no torture, no double jeopardy), Article 23 (no ex-post-facto laws, no excessive punishment) — read with the National Criminal Procedure Code 2074, Legal Aid Act framework, bail presumption, habeas corpus and the constitutional writ remedies under Articles 133 and 144.

April 02, 2025

Remedies for Breach of Contract in Nepal (2026): Civil Code 2074

A 2026 practitioner's guide to remedies for breach of contract in Nepal under the Muluki Civil Code 2074 — six remedies covering damages under Section 535, rescission and restitution under Section 538, specific performance under Section 540, injunction under Section 541, liquidated damages under Section 542, and quantum meruit, plus the Section 544 two-year limitation, mitigation of loss, election between remedies, and the District Court procedure from plaint through decree to execution.

April 04, 2025

Evidence Law in Nepal (2026): Evidence Act 2074 Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to evidence law in Nepal under the Evidence Act 2074 (in force 17 August 2018) — types of evidence (oral, documentary, real, electronic), direct vs circumstantial, primary vs secondary, the hearsay rule and its exceptions, burden and standard of proof in civil and criminal cases, rebuttable and irrebuttable presumptions, expert evidence, electronic evidence under the Electronic Transactions Act 2063, and witness competence and compellability at the District Court.

April 10, 2025

Social Security Fund (SSF) in Nepal 2082/83 (2026)

"How the Social Security Fund (SSF) works in Nepal in 2026 — the Contribution-Based Social Security Act 2074 + Regulations 2075, administered by the SSF (samajik suraksha kosh) under MoLESS, with mandatory enrolment for formal-sector employers and a 31% combined contribution (11% employee + 20% employer) on basic salary. This guide covers the four protection schemes, the 15th-of-month deposit deadline, sosys.ssf.gov.np registration, and how SSF replaces older PF/gratuity arrangements."

May 21, 2025

Acid Attack Law in Nepal (2026): Punishment and Victim Rights Guide

A 2026 practitioner's guide to the acid attack law in Nepal under Section 192(ka) of the Muluki Penal Code 2074 and the Acid and Other Hazardous Chemicals (Regulation) Act 2076 — punishment for face and body disfigurement, the fine-as-compensation rule, regulation of acid sale, victim protection and rehabilitation framework, FIR and investigation, medical-evidence chain, civil compensation in addition to criminal punishment, and the gender dimensions of acid-violence prosecution in Nepal.

May 27, 2025

Suicide Law in Nepal (2026): Decriminalised Attempt + Abetment Offence

A 2026 practitioner's guide to suicide law in Nepal under the Muluki Penal Code 2074 — historic decriminalisation of attempted suicide, the abetment offence under Sections 184–185, punishment and fine, the six-month limitation in Section 187, investigation pathway (FIR, suicide note, digital trail), the overlap with the Electronic Transactions Act and Cyber Crime Bureau for online-harassment-driven suicide, and the Mental Health Act 2074 framework that now governs post-attempt care.

May 27, 2025

Office Address

Phone Number

Email Address